Starting a business involves many crucial steps. One of the most important is obtaining an Employer Identification Number (EIN). This unique identifier is vital for various tax and business operations. Let’s explore what this number is and how to get one.
What is an EIN?
An EIN is a nine-digit number assigned by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). It’s also known as a Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN). Think of it as a Social Security number for your business.
Why Your Business Needs One
An EIN serves several key purposes:
- Tax Filing: It identifies your business for federal tax purposes.
- Employee Management: You need it to hire employees and handle payroll taxes.
- Bank Accounts: Most banks require an EIN to open a business account.
- Business Credit: It helps establish and build your business credit profile.
- Licenses and Permits: Many agencies require this number for licensing.
Who Needs an EIN?
Not all businesses require having this number. However, you must get one if:
- You have employees
- Your business is a corporation or partnership
- You file certain tax returns
- You withhold taxes on non-wage income paid to non-resident aliens
- You have a Keogh plan
Types of Businesses That Need This Number
- Corporations
- Partnerships
- LLCs with employees
- Sole proprietorships with employees
- Estates and trusts
How to Obtain an EIN
Getting one is a straightforward process. The IRS offers several methods:
1. Online Application
This is the fastest and easiest method. You can apply online through the IRS website. The process takes about 15 minutes, and you’ll receive your EIN immediately.
Steps for Online Application:
- Visit the IRS website
- Fill out the online form
- Submit your application
- Receive your number instantly
2. Fax Application
You can fax Form SS-4 to the IRS. Processing typically takes about four business days.
3. Mail Application
Send a completed Form SS-4 by mail. This method takes the longest, usually about four weeks.
4. International Applicants
If you’re not in the U.S., you can call the IRS to apply.
Information Needed for EIN Application
Before applying, gather this information:
- Legal name of the business entity
- Trade name (if different from legal name)
- Address of the business
- Name and Social Security number of the principal officer
- Type of entity (corporation, partnership, etc.)
- Reason for applying
- Date business started or acquired
- Number of employees expected in the next 12 months
- First date wages were or will be paid
- Principal business activity
Common Mistakes to Avoid
When applying for an EIN, watch out for these errors:
- Providing incorrect information
- Applying multiple times for the same business
- Using an EIN before it’s officially assigned
- Failing to update the IRS if your business information changes
What to Do After Getting Your EIN
Once you have your EIN:
- Keep the confirmation letter in a safe place
- Use the number for all federal tax filings and payments
- Provide it to banks, creditors, and vendors as needed
- Include it on all official business documents
Protecting Your Information
Your EIN is sensitive information. Protect it by:
- Limiting who has access to it
- Being cautious about sharing it online
- Monitoring your business credit reports regularly
- Reporting any suspected misuse to the IRS immediately
When to Get a New Number
In some cases, you may need a new EIN:
- Your business structure changes (e.g., sole proprietorship to corporation)
- You purchase an existing business
- You inherit or receive a business as a gift
- You create a trust with funds from an estate
EIN vs. State Tax ID
Don’t confuse your EIN with a state tax ID. Many states require a separate identification number for state tax purposes. Check with your state’s tax agency for requirements.
Getting Help with Your EIN
While the EIN application process is generally simple, some situations may be complex. If you need assistance, consider consulting with a business attorney or tax professional. Firms like Carbon Law Group can provide guidance on EIN applications and related business matters.
Conclusion: The Importance of Your EIN
An EIN is more than just a number. It’s a key identifier for your business in many important transactions. Obtaining an EIN is a crucial step in establishing your business’s legal and financial identity.
Remember, the process of getting an EIN is free through the IRS. Be wary of services charging fees to obtain an EIN for you. In most cases, you can easily complete the application yourself.
By understanding what an EIN is and how to obtain one, you’re taking an important step in setting up your business for success. This simple nine-digit number opens doors to essential business operations and financial opportunities.
Whether you’re starting a new venture or restructuring an existing one, make sure you have the right EIN. It’s a small but significant detail in the larger picture of your business’s legal and financial health.
